buy custom Assignment Four essay

buy custom Assignment Four essay Question 1 Reasons for the United States Interest in California, and the Ways they expressed that Interest Prior to 1846 T he United States (US) had an interest in California because it provided the US with an opportunity to have access to harbors that were on the Pacific Ocean. Gold discovered in California also attracted the United States. By connecting California with the railroad, the United States would become a continental empire since Pacific Ocean would connect to the Atlantic Ocean. The US expressed the interest by attacking neighbors like Mexico (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 2 The Manner in Which the Californians Were Treated during the Gold Rush When miners from around the world arrived in California, the Californios became a minority and were regarded as foreigners. Moreover, competition for gold resulted in dislike towards the Californios. As foreigners, the Californios were charged a monthly tax of $20 whenever they wanted to mine. Finally, the forty miners took land that belonged to the Californios (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 3 The Vigilance Committees and the People they represent The vigilace committees had a membership of about seven hundred people that was operated parallel to the city government. The Committees represented miners interests; the committee had the headquarters where incarceration and interrogation of suspects took place. The committee undertook to investigate vessels and disgraceful boarding houses, deporting immigrants and, punishing thieves and pickpockets (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 4 Ways in Which the Railroad Influence California Economics Railroad promoted Californias tourism from as early as 1870. The railroad created a new market for hauling and rider business especially in the areas where it operated. In addition, oil boom took place, this was enhanced by the fact that Railroad companies during the time realized that transporting wooden barrels containing oil through boxcars was very costly. This informed their decision to cylindrical metal tanks that could take the liquids to all the places. The oil tankers remained revenue sources for along time. Finally, several California crops were transported through the railroad. Such crops included citrus, oranges, apple and pears (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 5 One essay selected in Chan Olin's Major Problems in California History Question A The essay read The Place of California Question B Reasons for Picking this Particular Essay From the book, it is noticed that the Mexicans and American Indians were subjected to embarrassment, confusion and complex situations. Question C The Author's Thesis The essay begins with a well articulated skepticism that consistently portrays enthusiasm, which laid the foundation of studying other cities like the Los Angeles its rhapsodies and architecture (Richard et al., 2001). Question D The Nature of the Article The article was well written; in the essay, the writer foresees the growth of infrastructure and industry in California before, and after the World Wars. In fact he predicted that the most fantastic city would at some point, to be found in the region (Richard et al., 2001). Question E Personal Position about the Author's Ideas I agree with the authors ideas because from his predictions, it became true that the region produced some of the best towns in the world today. Buy custom Assignment Four essay

Conceptual Domainsâ€Definition and Examples

Conceptual Domainss In studies of metaphor, a conceptual domain is the representation of any coherent segment of experience, such as love and journeys. A conceptual domain that is understood in terms of another is called a conceptual metaphor. In Cognitive English Grammar (2007),  Ã‚  G. Radden and R. Dirven describe a  conceptual domain as the general field to which a category or frame belongs in a given situation.  For example, a knife belongs  to the domain of eating when used for cutting bread on the breakfast table, but to the domain of fighting when used as a weapon. Examples and Observations In the cognitive linguistic view, a metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain. . . Examples of this include when we talk and think about life in terms of journeys, about arguments in terms of war, about love also in terms of journeys, about theories in terms of buildings, about ideas in terms of food, about social organizations in terms of plants, and many others. A convenient shorthand way of capturing this view of metaphor is the following:CONCEPTUAL DOMAIN (A) is CONCEPTUAL DOMAIN (B), which is what is called a conceptual metaphor. A conceptual metaphor consists of two conceptual domains, in which one domain is understood in terms of another. A conceptual domain is any coherent organization of experience. Thus, for example, we have coherently organized knowledge about journeys that we rely on in understanding life...The two domains that participate in conceptual metaphor have special names. The conceptual domain from which we draw metaphorical expressions to understand another conceptual domain is called source domain, while the conceptual domain that is understood this way is the target domain. Thus, life, arguments, love, theory, ideas, social organizations, and others are target domains, while journeys, war, buildings, food, plants, and others are source domains. The target is the domain that we try to understand through the use of the source domain.Zoltn Kà ¶vecses, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2010 According to the cognitive linguistic view, a metaphor is the understanding of one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain. For instance, we talk and think about love in terms of food (I hunger for you); madness (Theyre crazy about one another); the lifecycle of plants (Their love is in full bloom); or a journey (Well just have to go our separate ways). . . . Conceptual metaphor is distinguished from metaphorical linguistic expressions: the latter are words or other linguistic expressions that come from the terminology of the concept used to understand another. Therefore, all the examples in italics above are metaphorical linguistic expressions. The use of small capital letters indicates that the particular wording does not occur in language as such, but it underlies conceptually all the metaphorical expressions listed underneath it. For instance, the verb in I hunger for you is a metaphorical linguistic expression of the LOVE IS HUNGER conceptual metaphor.Rà ©ka Ben czes, Creative Compounding in English: The Semantics of Metaphorical and Metonymical Noun-Noun Combinations. John Benjamins, 2006